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bash internal (293)

261

bash

This demonstrates reusing the last argument from the previous command to make a file executable.


chmod +x !$

bash internal history and expansion history expansion !$

262

bash

This demonstrates changing the current working directory to the user's home directory.

cd

bash internal file and stream operations directory operations change directory

263

bash

This demonstrates using brace expansion to generate a list of .csv and .tsv files in the current directory.


{*.csv *.tsv}

bash internal data manipulations string manipulation and expansions brace expansion file type matching

264

bash

This demonstrates appending a string to a file using output redirection.


echo "foo" >> bar.txt

bash internal file and stream operations stream redirection and piping output redirection

265

bash

This demonstrates capturing user input from standard input and storing it in a variable.


read foo

bash internal data manipulations other variable features variable assignment

266

bash

This demonstrates the usage of the exit command to terminate the current shell or terminal session.


exit

bash internal process management session control session termination

267

bash

linux

This demonstrates setting executable permissions for a script using chmod.


chmod a+x foo.sh

bash internal file and stream operations file operations file permissions

268

bash

This enhances the Bash shell experience by customizing the cd command to list directory contents and creating aliases for common commands with interactive or human-readable options.


function cd {
  builtin cd "$@" && ls
}

alias cp='cp --interactive'
alias mv='mv --interactive'
alias rm='rm --interactive'

alias df='df -h'
alias du='du -h'

bash internal shell configuration and customization aliases and functions

269

bash

This demonstrates the use of a default value in Bash using parameter expansion.


echo ${foo:-'default'}

bash internal data manipulations string manipulation and expansions parameter expansion default value substitution

270

bash

This demonstrates the usage of the jobs command to list all currently running or stopped background jobs in the current shell session.


jobs

bash internal process management job control jobs command

271

bash

This demonstrates the difference between double and single quotes in Bash for variable expansion, emphasizing the importance of correct quoting practices.


echo "$variable" # => Some string
echo '$variable' # => $variable
# When you use a variable itself — assign it, export it, or else — you write
# its name without $. If you want to use the variable's value, you should use $.
# Note that ' (single quote) won't expand the variables!
# You can write variable without surrounding quotes but it's not recommended.

bash internal data manipulations string manipulation and expansions variable expansion

272

bash

This demonstrates setting an environment variable in Bash using the export command.


export FOO=Bar

bash internal data manipulations variable definition and usage environment variable

273

bash

This demonstrates escaping single and double quotes in a Bash string.


echo ''Text with single quote\'. Text with double quote\"''

bash internal data manipulations string manipulation and expansions string escaping

274

bash

This demonstrates a basic conditional check to compare a variable with the current user's username.


if [[ "$name" != "$USER" ]]; then
    echo "Your name isn't your username"
else
    echo "Your name is your username"
fi

bash internal flow control tests (conditions)string condition

275

bash

This demonstrates substring extraction from a variable using parameter expansion.


length=7
echo "${variable:0:length}" # => Some st
# This will return only the first 7 characters of the value
echo "${variable: -5}" # => tring
# This will return the last 5 characters (note the space before -5).
# The space before minus is mandatory here.

bash internal data manipulations string manipulation and expansions parameter expansion string slicing

276

bash

This demonstrates indirect variable expansion in Bash, where the value of a variable is used to access another variable's value dynamically.


other_variable="variable"
echo ${!other_variable} # => Some string
# This will expand the value of `other_variable`.

bash internal data manipulations other variable features indirect variable expansion

277

bash

This demonstrates piping in Bash.


head -n 5 sales.csv | tail -n 1

bash internal file and stream operations stream redirection and piping piping

278

bash

This code reads the contents of file.txt, stores them in a variable, and prints the contents with custom text before and after, using echo with the -e flag to interpret newline characters.


Contents=$(cat file.txt)
# "\n" prints a new line character
# "-e" to interpret the newline escape characters as escape characters
echo -e "START OF FILE\n$Contents\nEND OF FILE"
# => START OF FILE
# => [contents of file.txt]
# => END OF FILE

bash internal file and stream operations file reading reading file contents

279

bash

This script converts .HEIC image files to .JPG format using the sips command. It searches for files matching the pattern IMG_04*.HEIC in the current directory and its subdirectories, then converts each file to JPEG format with a quality setting of 70. This demonstrates batch image format conversion.


for i in `find . -name "IMG_04*.HEIC"`; do
  sips -s format jpeg -s formatOptions 70 "${i}" --out "${i%HEIC}JPG"; 
done

bash internal loops for loop

280

bash

This demonstrates argument validation in a Bash script to ensure exactly 2 arguments are provided.


if [ $# -ne 2 ]
then
 echo "Expecting 2 arguments"
 exit 1
fi

bash internal flow control tests (conditions)argument count checking

Previous 1

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261

bash

This demonstrates reusing the last argument from the previous command to make a file executable.


chmod +x !$

bash internal history and expansion history expansion !$

262

bash

This demonstrates changing the current working directory to the user's home directory.

cd

bash internal file and stream operations directory operations change directory

263

bash

This demonstrates using brace expansion to generate a list of .csv and .tsv files in the current directory.


{*.csv *.tsv}

bash internal data manipulations string manipulation and expansions brace expansion file type matching

264

bash

This demonstrates appending a string to a file using output redirection.


echo "foo" >> bar.txt

bash internal file and stream operations stream redirection and piping output redirection

265

bash

This demonstrates capturing user input from standard input and storing it in a variable.


read foo

bash internal data manipulations other variable features variable assignment

266

bash

This demonstrates the usage of the exit command to terminate the current shell or terminal session.


exit

bash internal process management session control session termination

267

bash

linux

This demonstrates setting executable permissions for a script using chmod.


chmod a+x foo.sh

bash internal file and stream operations file operations file permissions

268

bash

This enhances the Bash shell experience by customizing the cd command to list directory contents and creating aliases for common commands with interactive or human-readable options.


function cd {
  builtin cd "$@" && ls
}

alias cp='cp --interactive'
alias mv='mv --interactive'
alias rm='rm --interactive'

alias df='df -h'
alias du='du -h'

bash internal shell configuration and customization aliases and functions

269

bash

This demonstrates the use of a default value in Bash using parameter expansion.


echo ${foo:-'default'}

bash internal data manipulations string manipulation and expansions parameter expansion default value substitution

270

bash

This demonstrates the usage of the jobs command to list all currently running or stopped background jobs in the current shell session.


jobs

bash internal process management job control jobs command

271

bash

This demonstrates the difference between double and single quotes in Bash for variable expansion, emphasizing the importance of correct quoting practices.


echo "$variable" # => Some string
echo '$variable' # => $variable
# When you use a variable itself — assign it, export it, or else — you write
# its name without $. If you want to use the variable's value, you should use $.
# Note that ' (single quote) won't expand the variables!
# You can write variable without surrounding quotes but it's not recommended.

bash internal data manipulations string manipulation and expansions variable expansion

272

bash

This demonstrates setting an environment variable in Bash using the export command.


export FOO=Bar

bash internal data manipulations variable definition and usage environment variable

273

bash

This demonstrates escaping single and double quotes in a Bash string.


echo ''Text with single quote\'. Text with double quote\"''

bash internal data manipulations string manipulation and expansions string escaping

274

bash

This demonstrates a basic conditional check to compare a variable with the current user's username.


if [[ "$name" != "$USER" ]]; then
    echo "Your name isn't your username"
else
    echo "Your name is your username"
fi

bash internal flow control tests (conditions)string condition

275

bash

This demonstrates substring extraction from a variable using parameter expansion.


length=7
echo "${variable:0:length}" # => Some st
# This will return only the first 7 characters of the value
echo "${variable: -5}" # => tring
# This will return the last 5 characters (note the space before -5).
# The space before minus is mandatory here.

bash internal data manipulations string manipulation and expansions parameter expansion string slicing

276

bash

This demonstrates indirect variable expansion in Bash, where the value of a variable is used to access another variable's value dynamically.


other_variable="variable"
echo ${!other_variable} # => Some string
# This will expand the value of `other_variable`.

bash internal data manipulations other variable features indirect variable expansion

277

bash

This demonstrates piping in Bash.


head -n 5 sales.csv | tail -n 1

bash internal file and stream operations stream redirection and piping piping

278

bash

This code reads the contents of file.txt, stores them in a variable, and prints the contents with custom text before and after, using echo with the -e flag to interpret newline characters.


Contents=$(cat file.txt)
# "\n" prints a new line character
# "-e" to interpret the newline escape characters as escape characters
echo -e "START OF FILE\n$Contents\nEND OF FILE"
# => START OF FILE
# => [contents of file.txt]
# => END OF FILE

bash internal file and stream operations file reading reading file contents

279

bash


for i in `find . -name "IMG_04*.HEIC"`; do
  sips -s format jpeg -s formatOptions 70 "${i}" --out "${i%HEIC}JPG"; 
done

bash internal loops for loop

280

bash

This demonstrates argument validation in a Bash script to ensure exactly 2 arguments are provided.


if [ $# -ne 2 ]
then
 echo "Expecting 2 arguments"
 exit 1
fi

bash internal flow control tests (conditions)argument count checking

Previous 1

...

13 14 15 Next